BOWLING ALONE, Robert D. Putnam

Judul/Title: Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community
Penulis/Author: Robert D. Putnam
Penerbit/Publisher: A Touchstone Book
Edisi/Edition: 2000
Halaman/Pages: 541
Dimensi/Dimension: 13 x 20.5 x 2cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 306.09/Put/b/C.1


***
Once we bowled in leagues, usually after work -- but no longer. This seemingly small phenomenon symbolizes a significant social change that Robert Putnam has identified in this brilliant volume, Bowling Alone, which The Economist hailed as "a prodigious achievement."

Drawing on vast new data that reveal American's changing behavior, Putnam shows how we have become increasingly disconnected from one another and how social structures -- whether they be the PTA, church, or political parties -- have disintegrated. Until the publication of this groundbreaking work, no one had so deftly diagnosed the harm that these broken bonds have wreaked on our physical and civic health, nor had anyone exalted the fundamental power of these bonds in creating a society that is happy, well educated, healthy, and safe.

Like defining works from the past, such as The Lonely Crowd and The Affluent Society, and like the works of C. Wright Mills and Betty Friedan, Putnam's Bowling Alone has identified a central crisis at the heart of our society and suggests what we can do.

MYTHOLOGY, Edith Hamilton

Judul/Title: Mythology
Penulis/Author: Edith Hamilton
Penerbit/Publisher: Little, Brown & Company
Edisi/Edition: 1942
Halaman/Pages: 498
Dimensi/Dimension: 13 x 20 x 3cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 398/Ham/m/C.1

***

Edith Hamilton's orderly and lucid presentation of Greek, Roman and Norse mythology promises the casual reader and avid student a sound, modern and adult key to the foundation stones of world literature have already produced notable books and the charm of her writing is well established by The Greek Way and The Roman Way. She has not been content to be merely a reteller of tales. She has blended and organized the sometimes conflicting myths of the early storytellers, molding them with vivid clarity.

JAKARTA UNDERCOVER, Moamar Emka

Judul/Title: Jakarta Undercover
Penulis/Author: Moamar Emka
Penerbit/Publisher: Galang Press
Edisi/Edition: 2002
Halaman/Pages: 488
Dimensi/Dimension: 11 x 18 x 2.7 cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: Indonesia
Call No.: 306.7/Emk/j/C.1

***
"Buku ini memberi suguhan informasi yang berbeda, berani dan sensasional. Dari sejumlah artikel jelas tergambar tentang bagaimana tingkat kreatifitas dan perilaku seks masyarakat metropolitan, khususnya Jakarta. Meskipun seks itu bisa dikatakan sebagai sebuah kenikmatan bagi setiap orang, tapi pada kenyataanya setiap orang punya keinginan, pandangan dan cara yang berbeda untuk merealisasikannya. Dalam skala yang lebih luas, buku ini menunjukkan satu sisi penting dalam hidup manusia bahwa seks adalah anugerah Tuhan yang penuh sensasi, yang tidak saja harus dipertanggungjawabkan secara moral tapi juga agama"

--Cornelia Agatha, aktris film & sinetron--

"Buku ini memberikan banyak informasi yang mengejutkan tentang praktek seksualitas di Jakarta."

--Tommy F Awuy, dosen Filsafat UI, IKJ & Atmajaya--

BUDAYA DAN MASYARAKAT, Kuntowijoyo

Judul/Title: Budaya dan Masyarakat
Penulis/Author: Kuntowijoyo
Penerbit/Publisher: Tiara Wacana
Edisi/Edition: 1987
Halaman/Pages: 166
Dimensi/Dimension: 14.5 x 21 x 0.5cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: Indonesia
Call No.: 306/Kun/b/C.1


***
Orang bisa memberi tafsir bermacam-macam tentang perubahan masyarakat dan kebudayaan, karena kedua-duanya memang kaya dengan nuansa. Buku ini merupakan hasil pengembaraan intelektual Kuntowijoyo selama sekitar enam tahun. Dalam kapasitasnya sebagai sejarawan yang sangat intens dalam mengamati masyarakat, ditambah dengan penguasaan yang luas terhadap teori-teori "sosial besar", tidak pelak lagi karyanya ini merupakan bahan kajian yang amat kaya dalam memahami perkembangan masyarakat dan perubahan kebudayaan.

Secara lebih terinci di sini dibahas bagaimana pengalaman masyarakat kita dalam masa transisi menuju masyarakat industri, dengan mengganti berbagai atribut dan piranti masyarakat tradisional agraris, yang telah berlangsung sejak awal abad XX, menuju suatu masyarakat yang bertatanan baru sama sekali. Disini dipaparkan berbagai faktor pendukung dan kendala, dan dalam batas-batas tertentu, dibicarakan pula perbandingan sejarah perkembangan masyarakat yang kini tergolong maju. Seperti Daniel Bell telah menyaksikan adanya kontradiksi budaya dalam masyarakat kapitalis, penulis buku ini juga berbicara banyak tentang perbenturan nilai yang dialami masyarakat kita. Perubahan institusional dan pergeseran nilai budaya, dibahas secara kritis-analitis di bawah titel Budaya dan Masyarakat ini.

Terbukti bahwa dalam modernisasi masyarakat, kita masih dalam proses mencari bentuk peradaban yang paling ideal dalam menatap masa depan menuju masyarakat teknokratis tetapi tetap beridentitas Indonesia. Sebuah corak peradaban alternatif, barangkali, itulah yang sedang kita tuju.

Buku ini sangat berguna bagi mereka yang mempelajari sejarah perkembangan masyarakat dan kebudayaan, lebih-lebih bagi mahasiswa yang ingin memahami ilmu budaya dasar dan ilmu sosial dasar, baik di fakultas ilmu-ilmu sosial maupun eksakta.

NEW PERSPECTIVES IN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Felix M. Keesing

Judul/Title: New Perspective in Cultural Anthropology
Penulis/Author: Felix M. Keesing
Penerbit/Publisher: Holt, Reinhart and Winston Inc.
Edisi/Edition: 1971
Halaman/Pages: 457
Dimensi/Dimension: 16.5 x 24 x 2.5 cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 306.4/Kee/n/C.1

***
In Many respects this is a new and different book from my father's. It was not meant to be when I agreed in 1965 to revise Cultural Anthropology. Then I envisioned an updating but not a drastic transformation -- a plan that seemed fitting for a revision of a distinctive book that had inevitably become dated. But by the time completely rewritten section began to outweigh sections retained from the original book, there seemed little reason to strive for preservation. My Freudian friends have watched all this with apprehension and awe, but I no longer doubt that it was a wise course. I can only hope that I steered it well.

To entitle a book New Perspective... would seem to challenge the wrath of the gods. Even to write an introduction to cultural anthropology requires a goodly measure of hubris in a field now so diverse and specialized. But having turned a revision into a new book built on the original--and having done so to reflect not only a change in findings in the field but also an emerging new set of anthroplogical premises -- I have used "New Perspective" to express a double meaning: the perspective are in cultural anthropology and on Cultural Anthropology.

PETANI: SUATU TINJAUAN ANTROPOLOGIS, Eric R. Wolf

Judul/Title: Petani: Suatu Tinjauan Antropologis
Penulis/Author: Eric R. Wolf
Penerbit/Publisher: Rajawali Press
Edisi/Edition: 1983
Halaman/Pages: 201
Dimensi/Dimension: 14 x 21 x 1cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: Indonesia
Call No.: 305.9/Wol/p/C.1

***
Buku ini membahas bagian terbesar dari umat manusia yang berada di pertengahan jalan antara suku-bangsa primitif dan masyarakat industri. Manusia-manusia itu, yang jumlahnya berjuta-juta, yang tidak primitif tidak pula modern, merupakan mayoritas umat manusia. Dari segi sejarah, mereka mempunyai arti penting, oleh karena masyarakat industri dibangun di atas puing-puing masyarakat petani pedesaan. Mereka penting di masa kini oleh karena mereka mendiami bagian "yang terkebelakang" dari bumi ini, dan terus berlangsungnya keadaan itu merupakan tanggung jawab bagi negeri-negeri yang telah mematahkan belenggu keterbelakangan.

Buku ini menyoroti satu tahap dalam tahap evolusi masyarakat manusia, oleh karena itu dapat dipakai dalam kuliah-kuliah antropologi dan sosiologi yang membahas perjalanan hidup manusia. Selain itu buku ini dimaksudkan sebagai buku pelajaran dasar mengenai kaum tani pedesaan (Peasantry), yang dapat digunakan para ahli ekonomi dalam kuliah mengenai pembangunan ekonomi, oleh ahli ilmu politik dalam kuliah mengenai perbandingan pemerintahan, oleh ahli kawasan untuk memberikan latar-belakang sosial bagi telaah mengenai wilayah-wilayah di dunia dimana kaum tani pedesaan masih merupakan tulang punggung tatanan sosial.

SYMBOLS AND THEIR HIDDEN MEANINGS, T.A. Kenner

Judul/Title: Symbols and Their Hidden Meanings: The Mysterious Significance and Forgotten Origins of Signs and Symbols in the Modern World
Penulis/Author: T.A. Kenner
Penerbit/Publisher: Carlton Books Ltd
Edisi/Edition: I, 2006
Halaman/Pages: 160
Dimensi/Dimension: 20 x 27 x 1 cm
Sampul/Cover: Hardcover
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 753/Ken/s

***
Everywhere we look we are surrounded by symbols.

Across the globe, symbols are used to express meaning, represent identity, declare power and authority, convey clear instructions and represent ideas and concepts that can't easily be put into words. In Symbols and their Hidden Meanings, T.A. Kenner explores both universally-recognized symbols, such as road signs, political party logos, Yin-Yang, the Grim Reaper and the Star of David and the more obscure, such as symbols in art, architecture and religion. This wide-ranging study of symbolism, from ancient times to the present, will open your eyes to the many symbols -- hidden and overt -- which inform and instruct us in our everyday lives.

BOROBUDUR, John Miksic

Judul/Title: Borobudur: Golden Tales of the Buddhas
Penulis/Author: John Miksic
Penerbit/Publisher: Periplus
Edisi/Edition: I, 1991
Halaman/Pages: 157
Dimensi/Dimension: 24 x 26.5 x 2 cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 726.1/Mik/b

***
The glorious ninth-century Buddhist stupa of Borobudur -- the largest Buddhist monument in the world -- stands in the midst of the lush Kedu plain of Central Java in Indonesia, where it is visited annually by over a million people. Borobudur contains more than a thousand exquisitely carved relief panels extending along its many terraces for a total distance of more than a kilometer. These are arranged so as to take the visitor on a spiritual journey to enlightment, and one ascend the monument past scenes depicting the world of desire, the life story of Buddha, and the heroic deeds of other enlightened beings -- finally arriving at the great circular terraces at the top of the structure that symbolize the formless world of pure knowledge and perfection.

SOSIOLOGI PEMBANGUNAN, I.L. Pasaribu & B. Simandjuntak

Judul/Title: SOSIOLOGI PEMBANGUNAN
Penulis/Author: I.L. Pasaribu & B. Simandjuntak
Penerbit/Publisher: Tarsito
Edisi/Edition: II, 1986
Halaman/Pages: 400
Dimensi/Dimension: 14 x 21 x 2cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: Indonesia
Call No.: 301/Pas/s/C.1

***
Masyarakat Indonesia sedang mengadakan pembangunan. Ini mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan sosial yang cepat dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Disamping perubahan sosial yang diakibatkan pembangunan telah juga terjadi perubahan sosial yang ditimbulkan persentuhan dengan dunia luar. Kedua jenis perubahan sosial tersebut akan menjadi kekuatan yang positif dalam usaha merubah wajah masyarakat bila kita dapat mengarahkannya. Tetapi hal itu dapat bagaikan bumerang yang menghancurkan wajah masyarakat bila kita tidak dapat mengendalikannya. Agar kedua kekuatan tersebut dapat diarahkan dan dikendalikan maka dibutuhkan pengenalan akan perubahan sosial tersebut. Dengan pengenalan tersebut kita dapat mengantisipasi gejolak perubahan sehingga dapat dijinakkan, dikendalikan kepada tujuan yang kita inginkan.

PERGOLAKAN PETANI DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL, Henry A. Landsberger & Yu. G. Alexandrov

Judul/Title: PERGOLAKAN PETANI DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL
Penulis/Author: Henry A. Landsberger & Yu. G. Alexandrov
Penerbit/Publisher: CV. Rajawali
Edisi/Edition: I, 1981
Halaman/Pages: 138
Dimensi/Dimension: 14 x 21 x 0.5cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: Indonesia
Call No.: 305.9/Lan/p/C.1

***
Pergolakan petani dalam buku ini senantiasa begitu meluas baik dalam waktu maupun ruang, hingga orang tergoda untuk menganggapnya ada di mana-mana. Bukan saja ketakpuasan individual yang massif sifatnya, tetapi protes yang diorganisasikan senantiasa merupakan suatu bahan sejarah sektor pedesaan di banyak masyarakat. Ini berlaku baik untuk Rusia di Utara maupun Indonesia di Selatan; dari Amerika Selatan, ke seluruh dunia sampai Pilipina; sedikitnya dari abad ke tujuh sampai saat sekarang ini.

THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS AND THE REMAKING OF WORLD ORDER, Samuel P. Huntington

Judul/Title: THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS AND THE REMAKING OF WORLD ORDER
Penulis/Author: Samuel P. Huntington
Penerbit/Publisher: Touchstone Books
Edisi/Edition: 1996
Halaman/Pages: 367
Dimensi/Dimension: 13 x 20 x 2.5cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 303.6/Hun/c/C.2

***
In the summer of 1993 Foreign Affairs published an article entitled "The Clash of Civilizations?" by Samuel Huntington. No article, according to the editors of that distinguished journal, has generated more discussion since George Kennan's "X" article on containment in the 1940's. In the article he posed the question whether conflicts between civilizations would dominate the future of world politics. In the book, he gives the answer, showing not only how clashes between civilizations are the greatest threat to world peace but also how an international order based on civilizations is the best safeguard against war. It is already proving to be one of the most talked about books of the decade.

SEX SLAVES: The Trafficking of Women in Asia, Louise Brown

Judul/Title: SEX SLAVES
Penulis/Author: Louise Brown
Penerbit/Publisher: Virago Press
Edisi/Edition: 2000
Halaman/Pages: 275
Dimensi/Dimension: 15.5 x 23 x 2cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 305.8363/Bro/s/C.1

***
Slave (sleiv) n. 1. a person legally owned by another and having no freedom of action or right to property. 2. a person who is forced to work for another against his or her will.

It is usually assumed that the Asian sex industry has developed because of the demands of morally corrupct western sex tourists. The western media's obsession with those sectors of the Thai and Filipino sex trade that cater to foreigners has sustained that belief. This ground-breaking book investigates this basic tourists have certainly played a vital part in the growth of the industry, the primary costumers of Asia's indentured sex workers and of its child prostitutes are, overwhelmingly, Asian men. Sex Slaves demolished myths about the wholesomeness of 'Asian values' and takes a controversial and unique approach by viewing the sex industry as an inevitable product of intensely male-dominated society.

Louise Brown has lived and worked in Asia for many years. This book is based upon her own research into the sex trade, her travel around some of Asia's main red light areas, and upon the personal testimonies of the girls and women who are forced into prostitution. It is about their experiences; their journey from home to captivity; the horrors of their 'seasoning' for prostitution and about their life within the brothel. It tells the story of girls and young women who come from the poorest and most disadvantage sections of society and who are the victims and survivors of terrible exploitation and brutality. It tells of the hypocrisy of their clients, the ruthlessness of the Industry's management and the injustice of societies that then brand these women as despised whores who must carry their shame with them for the rest of their lives. Sex Slaves speaks out against a monstrous trade and listens to the voices of some of the world's most silent and abused women.

SEX IN THE SOVIET UNION, Mikhail Stern and August Stern

Judul/Title: SEX IN THE SOVIET UNION
Penulis/Author: Mikhail Stern and August Stern
Penerbit/Publisher: W.H. Allen & Co
Edisi/Edition: 1981
Halaman/Pages: 221
Dimensi/Dimension: 14 x 22 x 2cm
Sampul/Cover: Hardcover
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 306.7/Ste/s/C.1


***
Sexuality in the Soviet Union -- this is the subject of my book.

How we make love, how and why we marry, how we commit rape, how we lie, how we search after the truth, how we perceive the sexual realities of the West...

Sexuality in the land of the Soviets, whether normal or pathological, whether that of free man or that of prisoners, whether that of ordinary people or that of the privileged...

Marriage, divorce, the first sexual emotions of the young when they encounter the opposite sex... Women's liberation -- does exist in the USSR? and homosexuality?

And those relaxing weekends in the country enjoyed by the top people in the regime, far from prying eyes...

INTRODUCING FEMINISM, Richard Appignanesi [ed.]

Judul/Title: INTRODUCING FEMINISM
Penulis/Author: Richard Appignanesi

Penerbit/Publisher: Iconbooks
Edisi/Edition: 2001
Halaman/Pages: 174
Dimensi/Dimension: 14 x 21 x 1cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 305.5/App/i/C.1

***
"Written with verve and purpose." The Guardian

For some people, the word "feminism" conjures up the fearful spectre of gender competition, the "sex war" and man-hating females.

Introducing Feminism cuts through the myths surrounding the subject and provides an incisive account of the women's movement from its suprisingly recent birth in the French Revolution to the worldwide explosion of women's liberation in the 1970s and the conservative backlash of the Reagan and Thatcher years of the 1980s. It looks at the achievements of feminism and the challenges still confronting women throughout the world as we enter 21st century.

This is timely guide to the struggle for women's rights -- a stormy history of conservative male opposition from the outside and disagreements within the movement. Susan Alice Watkins, Marisa Rueda and Martaue Rodriguez have created a highly entertaining canvas of words and pictures which tells the story of some very remarkable women, past and present.

MANUSIA INDONESIA SEBUAH PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN, Mochtar Lubis

Judul/Title: MANUSIA INDONESIA SEBUAH PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN
Penulis/Author: Mochtar Lubis
Penerbit/Publisher: CV. Haji Mas Agung
Edisi/Edition: 1990
Halaman/Pages: 134
Dimensi/Dimension: 14.5 x 21 x 0.5cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: Indonesia
Call No.: 155.8/Lub/m/C.1

***
Bertahannya buku "Manusia Indonesia" di tengah minat pembaca hingga mencapai cetakan VI sungguh tak saya bayangkan, ketika saya mengucapkan ceramah "Manusia Indonesia" di Taman Ismail Marzuki tanggal 6 April 1977. Delapan tahun telah lampau, dan pembaca masih terus berminat untuk mengenal diri manusia. Malahan Penerbit Inti Idayu Press telah lebih memperinci lagi dengan buku-buku lain yang berjudul "Manusia Jawa", "Manusia Sunda", "Manusia Bugis", dan diharapkan akan disusul pula oleh judul-judul manusia Indonesia dari daerah-daerah lain. Semua ini tentu akan bermanfaat bagi Manusia Indonesia. Dengan mengenal dirinya sebaik-baiknya, dengan mengenal kelemahan dan kekuatannya, semoga akan dapat berkembang di tanah air kita ini. Manusia Indonesia yang benar-benar mampu melangkah ke masa depan sebagai manusia yang penuh bermartabat dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan yang sebenarnya.

THE CYNICAL AMERICANS: LIVING AND WORKING IN AN AGE OF DISCONTENT AND DISILLUSION

Judul/Title: THE CYNICAL AMERICANS: LIVING AND WORKING IN AN AGE OF DISCONTENT AND DISILLUSION
Penulis/Author: Donald L. Kanter and Philip H. Mirvis
Penerbit/Publisher: Josey-Bass Inc
Edisi/Edition: 1989
Halaman/Pages: 329
Dimensi/Dimension: 16 x 23.5 x 2.5cm
Sampul/ Cover: Hardcover
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 306/Kan/c/C.1

***
What is cynicism doing to our organizations and how can we stop it?

Cynicism is growing rampant in America. It pervades the workplace. Worse yet, you, your boss, and fellow workers may be cynics and not even know it. This corrosive outlook threatens our personal lives, organizations, communities, and country.

In this new book, Donald L. Kanter and Philip H. Mirvis tell us that fully two out of three American workers are deeply suspicious of their bosses, their colleagues, and their companies. In this group are cynics who believe strongly that management lies, the company cheats, no one can be trusted, and you had better look out for yourself.

The authors demonstrate how this "us-against-them" attitude undermines high performance loyalty, and teamwork. Basing their conclusions on a comprehensive national survey of the American work force, they tell us why cynicism has become so widespread, how it embitters people, and what to do about it. Drawing on their experience with such companies as Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream, Caterpillar Tractor, and Unisys, they show us how to understand, diagnose and successfully combat cynicism at work.

THE RELIGION OF JAVA, Clifford Geertz

Judul/Title: THE RELIGION OF JAVA
Penulis/Author: Clifford Geertz
Penerbit/Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Edisi/Edition: 1976
Halaman/Pages: 392
Dimensi/Dimension: 15 x 22.5 x 2.5cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: English
Call No.: 306/Gee/r/C.1

***
"[The Religion of Java] makes new and important contributions to our understanding of Javanese life; it is well-documented; it is clearly written; it is perceptively and creatively conceived." -- Cora Du Bois, American Anthropologist

Written with a rare combination of analysis and speculation, this comprehensive study of Javanese religion is one of the few books on the religion of a non-Western people which emphasizes variation and conflict in belief as well as similarity and harmony. The reader becomes aware of the intricacy and depth of Javanese spiritual life, and the problems of political and social integration reflected in the religion.

The Religion of Java will interest specialist in Southeast Asia anthropologist and sociologist concerned with the social analysis of religious belief and ideology, students of comparative religion, and civil servants dealing with governmental policy toward Indonesia and Southeast Asia.

"Here is a masterful study, by a well-trained anthropologist, of religious beliefs and practices as observed in a small town in East Central Java.... The treatment is thorough, erudite and dynamic. Here is the model that should be followed by all students of religion; a book that should be read for its basic insight into religion, even if the reader has no special reason to take interest in the people of Java. Needless to say, for a student of Indonesia this work is a major contribution and a real treat." -- Library Journal

"To Illustrate this complexity and to describe placticaly and convincingly both separateness and interaction, diversity and unity of the three principal strata of Javanese Islam is the purpose and achievement of the present volume. The documentation is rich and varied." -- G.E. von Grunebaum, American Journal of Sociology.

THE CULTURE OF PROTEST, Susan Bibler Coutin

Judul/Title: THE CULTURE OF PROTEST: RELIGIOUS ACTIVISMAND THE U.S. SANCTUARY MOVEMENT
Penulis/Author: Susan Bibler Coutin
Penerbit/Publisher: Westview Press
Edisi/Edition: 1993
Halaman/Pages: 250
Dimensi/Dimension: 15 x 22.5 x 1.5cm
Sampul/Cover: Paperback
Bahasa/Language: Indonesia
Harga Jual/Sale Price: Rp. 75.000,-
Call No.: 261.8/Cou/c/C.2

***
The Culture of Protest explores how religious activists and Central American Immigrants, by protesting U.S refugee and foreign policy, create practices, meanings, and relationships that are, themselves, a form of social changes. As they assist refugees, sanctuary workers develop international notions of citizenship, create ecumenical interpretations of faith, from egalitarian communities, and cross a border between first and third worlds to view their own society through the eyes of the poor. Sanctuary is thus not only a practical effort to aid refugees and affect U.S. policy but also a cultural and religious movement with profound implications for U.S society.